Thursday 27 November 2014

Daily Updates - 27 November, 2014


Events of National and International Importance
SAARC nations sign energy pact, Next summit in Pakistan
1.       With the issuing of Kathamandu Declaration, the 18th SAARC Summit concludes at Kathamandu.
2.       Chairperson of the Summit and Nepal Prime Minister Sushil Koirala declared the Summit closed.
3.       The 19th SAARC Summit will be held at Islamabad in 2016.
4.       SAARC Framework Agreement on Energy (Electricity) Cooperation was signed among the SAARC member countries.
5.       This pact will enable SAARC member nations to trade electricity among themselves.

6.       The theme of the Summit was ‘Deeper Integration for Peace and Prosperity’,
     
      Economic Development
     OPEC meeting keeps world on the edge
1.       Oil ministers of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) meet in Vienna.
2.       To press for a one million barrels a day production cut to support falling Brent crude oil prices.
3.       Speculation is rife that Brent crude prices may stabilise at the current level or may plunge further to $75 a barrel due to lack of consensus among members.
4.       The price of Brent crude oil peaked this year at $115.15 a barrel on June 19. Since then, prices are down 31per cent to below $79 a barrel.
5.       Most of the oil price declines occurred after Saudi Aramco started a price war on October 1 for all its exports.
6.       The move suggests that the biggest member of the OPEC is prepared to let prices fall rather than cede market share by paring output to clear a supply surplus.
7.       The import bill will come down substantially and given that oil accounts for around 32-35 per cent of total imports.
E-Visa list for 43 nations announced
1.       In line with its promise of increasing the list of countries to be included for Tourist Visa on Arrival enabled by Electronic Travel Authorization (ETA), 43 countries were officially announced by the NDA-government here in New Delhi.
2.       It facilitates the entry of foreign tourists without a physical visa into the country within 96 hours of submission of application.
3.       Apart from eight countries - Pakistan, Sudan, Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Nigeria, Sri Lanka and Somalia, all 180 countries, which host India’s diplomatic mission, will be eventually included in the list in phases.
4.       About 90% of foreign tourist arrivals to India are accounted for by 40 countries of the world. 
5.       Foreign tourists during the period of January-October 2014 were 5.8 million, showing a growth of seven% compared to 5.4 million during the same period last year.
Bear cartel behind P-Notes bogey?
1.       A bear cartel is suspected to have been creating a bogey about regulatory clampdown against P-Notes with an aim to pull down the stock markets to make illicit gains.
2.       It is suspected that these operators could have been behind widespread rumours last week that authorities were all set to ban Participatory Notes (P-Notes).
3.       These are used by overseas HNIs (high net worth individuals), hedge funds and other foreign institutions to invest in Indian markets through registered overseas entities.
WGC, IIM-A set up gold policy centre
1.       In a unique initiative, the World Gold Council (WGC) along with the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad (IIMA), has set up ‘India Gold Policy Centre’ to conduct research on all aspects of the domestic gold industry.
2.       The objective of the centre is to develop insights into how the significant stocks of gold India owns can be used to advance growth, employment, social inclusion and economic wealth of the nation, a joint statement from the two organisations says.
3.       The centre aims to conduct research that has a practical application and that the industry and all stakeholders can use. “It has been estimated that India holds around 22,000 tonnes of gold.
4.       Valued at over $1 trillion,’’ World Gold Council PR, MD, India, Somasundaram said in the statement. 
     
     Environment & Ecology
Wildlife trade is thriving on Internet, finds study
1.       An international survey carried out by the International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW) has found that trade in rare and critically endangered birds and animals and body parts is thriving on the Internet.
2.       IFAW and the authorities assisting it, found over 10,000 advertisements on 280 websites. 
3.       The advertisements featured 33,000 animals and items that should be protected by international laws on sale and were valued at a total of US $11 million.
4.       The study found that the maximum number of online advertisements for animals and animal parts were in China, followed by Germany, France and the United Kingdom. 
5.       The team conducting the study found wildlife, both dead and alive, for sale.
6.       The highest number of advertisements for large, live animals was found in Russia and Ukraine.
7.       Websites in West Asia also offered live animals.
Overall, ivory was the most commonly-touted product in the online advertisements, accounting for almost a third.
8.       After ivory, reptiles were the next most common category of advertisements (26 per cent) around the world, offering turtles, tortoises and lizards to collectors. 

     Science & Tech
     European Space Agency satellite uses gravity map to track ocean currents
1.       Using data from various satellites, particularly European Space Agency’s GOCE, scientists have created what they claim is the world’s most accurate space view of global ocean currents and the speeds of their movement.
2.       The Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer, or GOCE, measured the minute changes in Earth's gravitational pull which varies at different places due to the uneven distribution of mass inside the planet.
3.       The GOCE geoid was subtracted from the mean sea-surface height measured over a 20-year period by satellites, including ESA’s veteran Envisat.
4.       The data is of great use in ocean monitoring and forecasting systems. “The new ocean current speed map is of particular interest to UNESCO’s Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission.
5.       This supports the international cooperation and the understanding and management of oceans and coastal areas.
Novel way to produce safer drinking water
1.       Making drinking water a lot safer by killing an overwhelming number of bacteria and most viruses is now possible.
2.       In May 2013, the same team was able to achieve only 100 times reduction in bacterial load and negligible reduction in viral load through sustained release of 50 parts per billion (ppb) of silver ions in drinking water.
3.       In the latest study, the team was able to achieve 1,00,000 times reduction in bacterial load and 1,000 times reduction in viral load by synergistically combining silver with carbonate ions. 
4.       The drastic improvement in antimicrobial performance was achieved despite the team using only 25 ppb of silver ions, half the amount used in the earlier work.
5.       A fundamental result that came out of our earlier study was that the antibacterial activity of silver can be tuned by simple methods.
6.       Everybody was studying silver in isolation but the team looked at synergistically combining silver with some other ions.

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