Resources
‘Resource’
·
It is technologically
accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable can be termed as
‘Resource’
·
Resources are a function of
human activities
These
resources can be classified in the following ways
1.
On the basis of origin – biotic
and abiotic
2.
On the basis of exhaustibility
– renewable and non-renewable
3.
On the basis of ownership –
individual, community, national and international
4.
On the basis of status of
development – potential, developed stock and reserves
5.
On the basis of status of
development – potential, developed stock and reserves
6.
On the Basis of Origin
Biotic
Resources
·
These are obtained from
biosphere and have life such as human beings, flora and fauna, fisheries,
livestock etc.
Abiotic
Resources:
·
All those things which are
composed of non-living things are called abiotic resources. For example, rocks
and metals.
On
the Basis of Exhaustibility
Renewable
Resources
1.
The resources which can be
renewed or reproduced by physical, chemical or mechanical processes are known
as renewable or replenishable resources.
2.
For example, solar and wind
energy, water, forests and wildlife, etc.
3.
The renewable resource may
further be divided into continuous or flow
Non-Renewable
Resources:
1.
These occur over a very long
geological time
2.
Minerals and fossil fuels are
examples of such resources
On
the Basis of Ownership
1.
Individual Resources
2.
Community Owned Resources
3.
National Resources
4.
Technically, all the resources
belong to the nation. The country has legal powers to acquire even private
property for public good.
5.
All the minerals, water
resources, forests, wildlife, land within the political boundaries
6.
Oceanic area up to 12 nautical
miles (19.2 km
International
Resources
1.
There are international
institutions which regulate some resources
2.
The oceanic resources beyond
200 km of the Exclusive Economic Zone
3.
Belong to open ocean and no
individual country can utilise these without the concurrence of international
institutions
4.
From that area which lies
beyond the exclusive economic zone
Do you know that India has got the right to mine manganese
nodules from the bed of the Indian Ocean.
On
the Basis of the Status of Development
1.
Resources which are found in a
region, but have not been utilised
2.
For example, the western parts
of India particularly Rajasthan and Gujarat have enormous potential for the
development of wind and solar energy
3.
But so far these have not been
developed properly
Developed
Resources
1.
Resources which are surveyed
and their quality and quantity have been determined for utilisation
2.
The development of resources
depends on technology and level of their feasibility
Stock
1.
Materials in the environment
which have the potential to satisfy human needs but human beings do not have
the appropriate technology to access these
2.
For example, water is a
compound of two inflammable gases; hydrogen and oxygen
3.
Which can be used as a rich
source of energy
4.
But we do not have the required
technical ‘know-how’ to use them for this purpose. Hence, it can be considered
as stock
Reserves
1.
Reserves are the subset of the
stock, which can be put into use with the help of existing technical ‘know-how’
but their use has not been started.
2.
These can be used for meeting
future requirements
3.
River water can be used for
generating hydroelectric power but presently
4.
Thus, the water in the dams,
forests etc. is a reserve which can be used in the future
DEVELOPMENT
OF RESOURCES
1.
Resource planning is essential
for sustainable existence of all forms of life. Sustainable existence is a
component of sustainable development
2.
Sustainable development
3.
Sustainable economic
development means ‘development should take place without damaging the
environment
4.
And development in the present
should not compromise with the needs of the future generations
5.
Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit,
1992
6.
In June 1992, more than 100
heads of states met in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil
7.
For the first International
Earth Summit.
8.
Socioeconomic development at
the global level
·
The Rio Convention endorsed the
global Forest Principles and adopted Agenda 21for achieving Sustainable Development in the 21 st
century.
·
Agenda 21
·
It is the declaration signed by world leaders in
1992 at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED)
·
Which took place at Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil
·
It aims at achieving global
sustainable development.
·
One major objective of the
Agenda 21 is that every local government should draw its own local Agenda 21
RESOURCEPLANNING
1.
The states of Jharkhand,
Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh are rich in minerals and coal deposits.
Arunachal Pradesh has abundance of water resources but lacks in infrastructural
development.
2.
The state of Rajasthan is very
well endowed with solar and wind energy but lacks in water resources
3.
The state of Rajasthan is very
well endowed with solar and wind energy but lacks in water resources
Resource
Planning in India
·
Resource planning is a complex
process which involves
·
Identification and inventory of
resources
·
Evolving a planning structure
·
Endowed with appropriate
technology, skill and institutional set up for implementing resource
development plans
·
Matching the resource
development plans with overall national development plans.
India has made concerted efforts for
achieving the goals of resource planning right from the First Five Year Plan
Conservation
of Resources
1.
Irrational consumption and
over-utilisation of resources may lead to socio-economic and environmental
problems.
2.
Gandhiji was very apt in voicing his concern about
resource conservation in these words
3.
“There is enough for
everybody’s need and not for any body’s greed.”
4.
He was against mass production
and wanted to replace it with the production by the masses
5.
At the international level, the
Club of Rome advocated resource conservation for the first time in a more
systematic way in 1968
6.
Subsequently, in 1974, Gandhian
philosophy was once again presented by Schumacher in his book Small is
Beautiful
7.
The seminal contribution with
respect to resource conservation at the global level was made by the Brundtland
Commission Report, 1987
8.
This report introduced the
concept of ‘Sustainable Development’ and advocated it as a means for resource
conservation
9.
Which was subsequently
published in a book entitled Our Common Future
10.
Another significant contribution
was made at the Earth Summit at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1992.
11.
However, land is an asset of a
finite magnitude, therefore, it is important to use the available land for
various purposes with careful planning
12.
About 43 per cent of the land
area is plain, which provides facilities for agriculture and industry
13.
Mountains account for 30 per
cent of the total surface area of the country and ensure perennial flow of some
river
14.
Provide facilities for tourism
and ecological aspects. About 27 per cent of the area of the country is the
plateau region.
Tomorrow there will be final settlement of Indian (Human) Geography with latest findings of 2011 census.
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